1856 Republican candidate John C. Frémont is portrayed as the champion of a motley array of radicals and reformers.

The Revolutionary Beginnings of the Republican Party

Popular resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law and “Slave Power” helped forge a new electoral force.
The ceremony for the driving of the golden spike at Promontory Summit, Utah on May 10, 1869

How The West Was Photographed

Railroad photography helped sell an “empty” American West—carefully framing out the people already living there.
Diagram of the Border Patrol’s intrusion detection system.

The Long History of High-Tech Border Policing

In the 1970s, sensors and computers turned the US–Mexico border into a testing ground for automated control.
Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison nearly being lynched in October 1835

Defying Slave Hunters in Boston’s Courts

A dramatic 1836 courtroom escape shows how Black women challenged slave hunters—and Boston’s elite.
Isaac Sears addressing the mob

When Profit Met Protest in Colonial New York

Economic self-interest shaped how New Yorkers responded to British taxes and imperial crackdowns.
A herd of Buffalo in Western Kansas, 1860s

Drought and Indigenous Migration in the American Midwest

In the seventeenth century, life at the prairie–forest edge was dynamic, unstable, and deeply shaped by climate.
Basque sheep herder in Adams County, Idaho, photographed by Dorothea Lange, 1939

The Racial Myth of the Basque Sheepherder

How ideas of ancient tradition shaped labor and immigration in the American West.
The Bostonians Paying the Excise-man, or Tarring and Feathering, 1774

Tarring and Feathering, American Style

What began as a European folk practice became a distinctly American ritual of public punishment.
Second Street north from Market St. with Christ Church, Philadelphia, 1800

Contesting American Citizenship… in 1784

The Longchamps Affair shows how early Americans struggled to define citizenship amid conflicting laws and revolutionary values.
Francis Gary Powers holding a model of a U-2 during the Senate Armed Services Select Committee hearing on the 1960 U-2 incident.

Unforgettable Fire: The U-2 Incident 

Reports on the May 1960 downing of an American U-2 spy plane over the Soviet Union offer a case study in Cold War posturing and misdirection.